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Battle of Philippeville
The Battle of Philippeville was part of the Algerian War between France and Algerian rebels, primarily the National Liberation Front (''FLN'') The battle took place on August 20, 1955 and centered on the Algerian town of Philippeville, though the FLN also made attacks on surrounding areas.
==Background==
Algeria was officially part of France from 1848 onwards. During the 19th century, there had occurred a massive immigration of French, Maltese, Italian, Spanish and other European settlers to Algeria who were known either as the ''pied-noirs'' or the ''colons'', and who enjoyed all the rights of being French citizens.〔Evans, Martin ''Algeria: France's Undeclared War'', Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012 pages 20 & 25-27.〕 The Muslim population of Algeria. whatever they be Arab or Berber were treated as second-class citizens and despite the fact that Algeria was considered an integral part of France were not allowed to vote.〔Evans, Martin ''Algeria: France's Undeclared War'', Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012 page 20.〕 Even after the Muslim population was given the right to vote in 1944, many Muslims complained of widespread discrimination, and increasingly many Algerian Muslims stated to reach the conclusion that the French would never allowed real equality, and the solution was independence for Algeria. French policies during the 19th century encouraged the dispossession of Muslim farmers who were pushed off their land to allow their land to be handed over to European settlers.〔Evans, Martin ''Algeria: France's Undeclared War'', Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012 pages 23-24.〕 This led to much resentment on the part of the Algerians. Within the ''pied-noir'' community, there was always in the words of the British historian Martin Evans a "siege mentality" where the ''colons'' saw themselves as surrounded by a hostile Muslim population that was perpetually ready to massacre them at the first chance.〔Evans, Martin ''Algeria: France's Undeclared War'', Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012 pages 32-33.〕 Relations between the ''pied-noirs'' and the Muslims were unfriendly at best.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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